You have lived in the United States as a permanent resident for years, built a life in Louisville and raised your family here. Now you are ready to take the final step toward citizenship. Still, the naturalization interview can feel stressful if you do not know what the officer will ask or how the test works. Knowing the process can help you feel more prepared.
What happens before the interview begins
Your interview takes place at the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) field office that serves your area. When you arrive, you will check in and wait for the officer to call your name. Bring your interview notice, your permanent resident card, a valid photo ID and your passport, including expired passports that show your travel history since becoming a permanent resident.
It is also smart to bring documents that support your application, such as tax transcripts, marriage or divorce records and proof of any name change. Having them ready can help avoid delays.
How the officer reviews your application
The officer will review your Form N-400 with you and confirm the information you provided. Expect questions about your background, work history, travel outside the United States and your path to citizenship.
The officer may also ask about good moral character, including whether you have an arrest record, failed to pay taxes or gave false information on an immigration form. Answer honestly. If something has changed since you filed, such as your address or recent travel, explain that during the interview.
What the English and civics tests involve
At the interview, most applicants must complete both an English test and a civics test unless an exception applies. The English test measures your ability to speak, read and write basic English. The officer will judge your speaking during the conversation, then ask you to read one sentence and write one sentence.
The civics test is oral. If you filed your N-400 on or after October 20, 2025, the officer may ask up to 20 questions from a set of 128, and you must answer at least 12 correctly. USCIS offers free study materials online, including the full list of questions in several languages.
What happens if you do not pass
Failing one part of the test does not mean USCIS will deny your application right away. USCIS usually gives applicants a second interview within 60 to 90 days. You only retake the part you did not pass. Many people pass on the second try after more study. If you do not pass then, USCIS may deny the application, but you can apply again later.
